Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a condition that affects the gums and the structures that support the teeth. It occurs due to the buildup of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria—on the teeth. If not properly removed through regular brushing and flossing, this plaque hardens into tartar, which can lead to inflammation and infection of the gums.
Types of Gum Disease:
- Gingivitis:
- Description: Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease. It causes redness, swelling, and bleeding of the gums, particularly when brushing or flossing.
- Causes: Poor oral hygiene, smoking, certain medications, hormonal changes, and underlying health conditions.
- Treatment: Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and regular dental cleanings.
- Periodontitis:
- Description: If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more serious form of gum disease. In periodontitis, the inner layer of the gum and bone pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected.
- Causes: The plaque spreads below the gum line, leading to inflammation that can destroy the bone and connective tissue that support the teeth.
- Symptoms: Bad breath, loose teeth, changes in bite, receding gums, and pus between the teeth and gums.
- Treatment: Requires professional dental treatment, including deep cleaning (scaling and root planing), medications, and in severe cases, surgery.
Prevention:
- Regular brushing and flossing
- Routine dental check-ups and cleanings
- Avoiding tobacco products
- Eating a balanced diet
Gum disease is a serious condition that, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and has been linked to other health problems like heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
